What Is the Income Level for a Family of Four That Is Considered Below the Poverty Level?
A Country Divided
Looking at Income Disparity through a Geographic Lens
More than l percent of ZIP Codes in the United States take an higher up boilerplate percentage of households living at or below the poverty line.
University of Redlands (U of R) researchers used Esri engineering science and information to analyze income disparity between the rich and poor in the U.s.. The study'due south findings—including the fact that people in more than half of the country'south ZIP codes feel above-average poverty—tin can exist viewed at a national level on an interactive map, hosted on ArcGIS Online, Esri's cloud-based map and data service. You can pan and zoom to the Cypher Code level. "We were interested in looking closer at income inequality, which has plain get a hot-button issue for many Americans, every bit evident through the Occupy Wall Street movement," said Carlo Carrascoso, a faculty fellow with the Banta Center for Business, Ethics and Society at the U of R in Redlands, California.
The rally weep of the Occupy Wall Street protesters, "Nosotros are the 99 percent," refers to the difference in wealth and income growth in the Us between the wealthiest 1 percent and the rest of the population. The Occupy Wall Street protest began on September 17, 2011, in Liberty Square in the financial district of New York City and rapidly spread to many states, including Oregon, Colorado, and California, and other countries, such as Italy and Spain.
A report released terminal month by the Congressional Upkeep Function showed that while the boilerplate American household income, after government transfers and federal taxes, rose by 62 per centum betwixt 1979 and 2007, income growth for the top (wealthiest) 1 per centum of households grew by 275 pct, while the income growth for the bottom (poorest) twenty percent of households grew by just 18 percent. "The growth for the richest households was more than xv times greater than that of the poorest," said Carrascoso.
This map shows that households living below the poverty line and those with higher than average incomes seldom live in the same Goose egg Code.
Researchers at the university'south Found for Spatial Economic Analysis (ISEA) and the Banta Center for Concern, Ethics and Guild were interested in understanding more virtually this income disparity between the rich and poor. Using data on average family unit size and amount of family income, institute in the 2010 Esri data estimates from the United states Census Bureau's American Customs Survey (ACS), ISEA researchers approximated poverty levels by ZIP Code. "Since nosotros cannot aim for exact precision, we approximated the share of people living below the poverty line," says Johannes Moenius, the manager of ISEA.
What they found was unexpected: poverty dominates the United States landscape, especially in less populated areas. More than fifty percent of Nada Codes in the state take above-average levels of poverty.
The purple zones on the map represent regions where between 13 and 19.5 percent of the households have 2009 income levels below the federal poverty line, divers by the The states Department of Health and Man Services (HHS) for a family unit of 4 equally $22,050. These regions comprise 28 percentage of all Nil Codes.
In deep purple blue regions, the percentage of households with incomes below the poverty line exceeds xix.5 percentage. The regions represent 25 percent of all Goose egg Codes and include most all the southern states, New Mexico, North and South Dakota, and urban inner-city areas like those in New York City and Chicago. Within all these regions, more one in four, or 27 percent, of households live below the poverty line.
The Congressional Budget Office study shows that the distribution of household income has become substantially more unequal in the concluding study twelvemonth of 2007 than in 1979. By viewing and analyzing the data on a map, Moenius found that the rich tend to alive away from those not equally affluent. "Our research revealed that rarely will you find higher than average concentrations of rich (in this study defined every bit the top 10 percent of income earners past household) and poor (households living beneath the federal poverty line) in the same Nothing Code."
The top x percent of income earners tend to exist concentrated in urban areas such as San Francisco and Los Angeles, California, Boston, Massachusetts, Washington, D.C., Atlanta, Georgia, and Chicago, Illinois.
Only 0.7 percent of ZIP Codes take a higher than average concentration of both rich and poor. In populated areas, Goose egg Codes containing either rich or poor households tend to be face-to-face and are next to each other. Higher-income earners tend to be concentrated in large urban metropolitan areas, such as Southern California/Greater Los Angeles and the Washington, D.C./New York City/Boston corridor. Perhaps the well-nigh hitting feature of the study was the appearance on the map of a "buffer zone" that seemed to separate the rich from the poor. These light gray colored zones appear in suburbia, where eye-income households dominate. Eye-income households were defined for this report every bit neither the top 10 percent nor those living below the poverty line.
ISEA researchers go along to wait at the income disparity problem and other areas of economic analysis that have a strong connexion to people and where they live. Visit ISEA to larn more.
Follow the protests on Esri'due south Occupy Wall Street Social Media map, where events can be visualized by following updates on Twitter, YouTube, and Flickr.
Source: https://www.esri.com/news/arcwatch/1211/a-country-divided.html
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